Lub Luag Haujlwm Ntawm Lub Cev Muaj Zog Caij Tsheb Nyob Hauv Kev Txo Tsav Thaum Caij Tsheb; Kev Tshawb Xyuas Ntawm Cov Ntawv Tam Sim No

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Abstract

Piv rau lwm hom kev thauj mus los, caij maus tausNws muaj xwm txheej. Cov neeg caij tsheb muaj kev raug mob ntau dua li cov tsav tsheb. Ntau lub tsheb sib tsoo muaj ntau qhov tshwm sim, muaj qhov ua txhaum cai muaj kev sib tsootshebhloov mus hauv kev sib tw ntawm kev maus taus, lossis kev sib tsoo ntawm txoj kev ntawm lub tsheb maus taus tuaj. Ib lub ntsiab tseem ceeb uas ua rau muaj kev nce siab ntawmkev sib tsoo tsheb maus taus yog tsis muaj conspicuity ntawmmaus tauslos ntawm lwm txoj kev siv tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum lub sijhawm nruab hnub. Daim ntawv no hais txog cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los ntawm kev siv cov DRL lub cev muaj zog, tsom rau kev ua tau zoo ntawm DRLs rau txhim kho kev koom tes maus taus.Daim ntawv no xyuas cov kev cuam tshuam ntawm DRL los ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb sib tsoo ntawm cov tsheb sib tsoo ntau. Peb pawg ntawm cov teebmeem ntawm lub maus tausDRLs raug tshuaj xyuas. Tag nrho cov ntaub ntawv sau cia, txhawb nqa tias ua haujlwm taws teeb thaum nruab hnub pom tias muaj kev cuam tshuam thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txo tus nqi sib tsoo los ntawmtxhim kho txoj kev tsav tsheb ntauhauv tsheb. Cov maus taus DRL tswj tau los txo qis li ntawm 4 txog 20% kev sib tsoo ntawm kev maus taus. Daim ntawv no tseem pom zoo tiasmaus taus DRLsyuav tsum tau siv thoob plaws lub ntiaj teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau cov teb chaws muaj kev tsheb maus taus loj rautxhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm cov neeg caij tshebyog zoo li lawv cov neeg caij puj.

Cov lus tseem ceeb: Kev tiv thaiv kev raug mob,Kev tsheb sib nraus hauv nruab hnub, Nruab hnub khiav lub teeb, Nyab xeeb kev nyab xeeb, Maus taus tsoo

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Taw qhia

Cov maus taus yog qhov tsis txaus siab ntawm kev thauj mus los, tab sis muaj qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov neeg raug mob sib tsoo nyob hauv cov tebchaws tsim thiab txhim kho [1,2]. Rolison et al., [3] tau tshaj tawm tias cov neeg tuag thiab cov raug mob ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab lawv cov powers cov neeg caij tsheb yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws hauv kev sib piv rau lwm cov neeg siv hauv kev. Qhov kev tuag rau cov neeg caij tsheb maus taus ib mais taug kev yog kwv yees tsawg kawg 10 zaug ntau dua piv rau lub tsheb thauj neeg [4-7]. Nyob rau hauv sib ceg ntawmtus maus taus tsheb’cov duab nrov, lawv feem ntau yog cov pawg tsis zoo ntawm cov neeg siv txoj kev. National Tsav Tsheb Kev Nyab Xeeb Kev Ruaj Ntseg (NHTSA) [8] tau tshaj tawm tias hauv Tebchaws Meskas, 13% ntawm tag nrho cov tsheb sib tsoo yog suav los ntawm cov neeg caij tsheb, uas muaj 4,262 tus neeg tsav tsheb tau koom nrog tuag thiab 90,000 tus neeg tsav tsheb tau raug mob. Ntawd yog qhov siab ntawm kev sib tsoo, thaum lub sijhawm cov maus taus tsuas yog muaj txog 3% ntawm txhua lub tsheb muaj npe thiab tsuas yog 0.4% ntawm tag nrho cov tsheb khiav mus los. Tag nrho cov neeg tsav tsheb koom nrog kev sib tsoo tau nce ntau dua 50% los ntawm 2294 xyoo 1998 txog 5290 xyoo 2008. Hauv tebchaws Askiv, txawm tias cov neeg caij tsheb maus taus tsuas yog suav txog 1% ntawm tag nrho cov neeg siv tsheb, 15% ntawm cov neeg tuag lossis ua rau mob hnyav raug mob thaum tsav tsheb sib nraus yog cov neeg tsav tsheb [9]. Hauv kev tsim cov teb chaws, qhov xwm txheej zoo sib xws. Feem ntau ntawm cov xwm txheej ntawm kev sib tsoo nrog txoj kev tuag thiab kev raug mob loj yog feem ntau ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb [1,10]. Hauv Iran, txoj kev tuag ua rau pom tias 5000 tus neeg tuag thiab 70,000 tau raug mob los ntawm kev tsheb sib tsoo [11,12]. Malaysia yog nyob rau ntawm Cov Koom Haum Sab Qab Teb Hnub Tuaj Nyab Xeeb (ASEAN) cov tebchaws uas muaj cov neeg tuag ntau tshaj plaws thiab ntau tshaj 50 feem pua ntawm txoj kev tuag yog nyob ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb [13,14]. Ntxiv rau qhov no, txij li menyuam yaus, tub ntxhais hluas thiab cov neeg khwv nyiaj tau los koom nrog txoj kev tsheb sib tsoo, ntau qhov kev saib xyuas raug mob rau qhov xwm txheej no vim qhov feem pua ntawm lub neej ploj piv thiab tus nqi koom nrog [15,16].

Nws tau tshaj tawm tias ntau dua 50% ntawm kev tsheb sib tsoo yog muaj thaum nruab hnub, raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev raug mob tuag ob lub tsheb sib tsoo ntawm tus neeg caij tsheb thiab maus taus [17]. Kev sib cav sib ceg yog cov lus uas siv los piav qhia txog lub peev xwm ntawm lwm cov neeg siv kev pom thiab paub txog ntawm kev muaj maus taus. Cov ntawv ceeb toom ntawm kev tsheb sib tsoo muab cov pov thawj tias cov maus taus tsis tshua pom los ntawm lwm tus tsav tsheb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog thaum tsheb khiav ceev thiab cov chaw pom.

Feem ntau ntawm cov tsav tsheb uas tau koom nrog kev tsav tsheb sib tsoo lawv tau lees tias lawv tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev sib tsoo tsis tau vim tias lawv tsis pom cov maus taus thiab cov neeg caij tsheb lossis pom lawv qeeb dhau [7]. Feem ntau ntawm qhov teeb meem uas cov tsav tsheb tsis qhia txog lub tsheb maus taus nyob rau lub sijhawm sib tsoo yog vim muaj lwm cov teeb meem uas txwv tsis pub tus tsav pom, xws li dhau txoj kev tsheb, toj roob hauv pes lossis hauv lub tsheb nws tus kheej [18,19]. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav tau tshaj tawm tias feem ntau ntawm cov kev sib tsoo pem hauv ntej yog vim tsis muaj pem hauv ntej maus taus tsheb lossis tsis zoo sab laug tig qhov kev txiav txim siab los ntawm lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb [20-23].

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Hauv kev sib piv rau cov tsheb thiab tsheb thauj khoom, cov maus taus tsis tshua pom kev rau lwm cov neeg siv hauv kev. Tsis tas li ntawd, lawv muaj kev nyuaj ntau los txhawm rau paub zoo li tseem ceeb los txiav txim lawv qhov nce nrawm, uas muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev nce siab ntawm kev siv tsheb maus taus. Feem ntau ntawm kev tsav tsheb sib tsoo tuaj yeem tshwm sim los ntawm lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb, uas yog cov tsis tshua paub txog ntawm cov maus taus kom txog rau thaum lig dhau lawm [23-25]. Cov xwm txheej no yog hu ua "ntsia-tab sis-ua tsis tau-saib-pom" (LBFS) qhov tshwm sim [26-31]. Txhawm rau txo tus nqi ntawm kev tsheb sib nraus, Hnub Taug Kev Nruab Nrab (DRLs) tau hais kom txo qhov teebmeem no. Daim ntawv no hais txog cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los hais txog kev siv cov maus taus DRLs, tsom mus rau qhov ua tau zoo ntawm DRLs los txhim kho lub tsheb maus taus ua ke.

Cov ntaub ntawv thiab cov hau kev

Txheeb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam ntawm DRL raws li kev muaj cov ntawv nyeem, xaiv hauv databases thiab internet tau siv. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm DRLs raug soj ntsuam. Peb qhov tseem ceeb ntawm cov ntawv nyeem tau txheeb xyuas los ntsuas cov kev tshawb fawb muaj nuj nqis thiab lwm cov ntawv ceeb toom tseem ceeb ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm lub cev muaj zog DRL.

1. Cuam tshuam ntawm cov maus taus DRL ntawm kev siv maus taus siab

2. Cawv ntawm kev tsav tsheb DRL ntawm qhov cuam tshuam thaum lub sij hawm tsheb sib tsoo

3. Cawv ntawm kev tsav tsheb DRL txoj cai ntawm kev tsheb sib tsoo

1. Cawv ntawm Maus Taus DRL rau Maus tausQhov kev txiav txim siab

Raws li cov ntawv tshaj tawm dhau los ntawm kev sim ntau yam thiab kev sim tshuaj, kev siv maus taus nrog DRLs muaj kev sib cav ntau dua cov maus taus uas tsis muaj lawv [32-34]. Txheeb xyuas qhov sib txheeb ntawm ntau lub teeb taub hau rau cov neeg caij tsheb, Donne [35] ua qhov kev sim rau qhov tseeb nyob ntawm seb qhov zaus uas lub cev muaj zog kuaj thiab cim tau. Qhov kev sim tau raws li kev xav hais tias cov tsav tsheb qee zaum ua tsis tau pom cov maus taus uas tsis muaj khoom siv tsis pom zoo dab tsi. Los ntawm kev tsom xam, nws qhia tau tias qhov kev sib tw maus taus tau txhim kho los ntawm 53.6% mus rau 64.4% (rau 40w, 180 mm diam taub hau). Cov lus qhia tshwj xeeb rau DRL tau raug ntsuas, thiab nws tau paub tseeb tias ob lub teeb, thiab cov nplai loj dua 180 hli inch muaj ntau qhov cuam tshuam piv rau ib leeg lossis me dua cov teeb txawb loj [36].

Williams thiab Hoffmann [34] ua ib qhov kev sim nyob hauv tsev sim ob leeg nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj. Lawv tshawb pom tias qhov kev txiav txim siab zoo dua thaum cov maus taus tau nruab nrog qhov siab thiab qis nqaj piv rau cov maus taus uas tsis muaj qhov muag. Nws qhia tias maus taus DRL txhim kho tus neeg caij tsheb maus taus txoj kev pom zoo los ntawm qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov maus taus thiab nws keeb kwm yav dhau los.

Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb pom nyob rau tebchaws Australia thiab tebchaws Asmesliskas, uas txoj cai taws teeb rau kev siv teeb tsa ua ntej, Thomson [24] tau ua qhov kev tshawb fawb zoo sib xws nyob hauv tebchaws New Zealand kom ntsuas seb puas siv cov teeb taub hau thaum nruab hnub. txo cov tsheb sib tsoo. Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias txoj cai ntawm kev siv lub teeb taub hau thaum nruab hnub yuav tsum xav kom muaj kev tswj hwm nyob hauv New Zealand, txawm hais tias nws tsis tsim nyog rau cov neeg caij tsheb maus taus hloov taws teeb thaum tseem nyob nruab hnub. Txoj cai tswjfwm yuav txhim kho qhov kev tsis sib haumxeeb thiab txo tsheb maus taus.

Qhov ua tau zoo ntawm lub teeb taws teeb taws tau raug soj ntsuam los ntawm kev kuaj pom lub sijhawm ntawm cov neeg koom hauv qhov tseeb ntawm kev tsav tsheb tiag tiag [37]. Nws tau tshaj tawm tias kev sib koom siab ntawm cov maus taus los ntawm lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb thiab tus tsav tsheb tau nce thaum lawv lub teeb qis qis tau hloov thaum nruab hnub. Thaum lub teeb cig liab tau tua, qhov teeb meem tsis sib haum xeeb nrog cov neeg tsav tsheb sib tsoo los ntawm lwm cov neeg tsav tsheb thiab cov tsav tsheb lub tsheb muaj ntau dua piv rau thaum lub teeb nres taubhau. Raws li txoj kev tshawb no, nws pom tseeb tias los ntawm kev hloov ntawm lub teeb tsa siab thiab qis nqaj teeb, thiab teeb pom kev zoo teeb pom kev zoo ob leeg nyob nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj-sijhawm pom tias muaj kev txhim kho zoo dua hauv kev siv tsheb maus taus. Kev siv ob DRLs tau pom tias yog cov qauv ua tau zoo tshaj plaws nyob rau hauv Tebchaws Askiv kom nce siab ntxiv rau kev caij tsheb maus taus. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev siv lub teeb taub hau feem ntau haum rau cov tsheb maus taus, lub tsho fluorescent thiab lub teeb khiav ib qho kuj tau pom los ua kom pom kev sib koom tes ntawmtus maus taus tshebCov. Kuj, Brendicke et al., [38] tau kawm txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev siv dav dav thaum nruab hnub khiav lub teeb rau tsheb thiab maus taus. Lawv tshawb nrhiav tias muaj kev txhim kho me ntsis hauv kev xav thaum siv maus taus thov DRL.

Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm Jenness et al., [39] koom nrog sau los ntawm cov neeg tuaj koom kev tshuaj xyuas ntawm kev nkag siab lub sijhawm los pib sab laug lem hla kev ntawm cov tsheb nkag thiab tshuaj xyuas "lub caij kawg nyab xeeb" kom pib tig mus rau hauv pem hauv ntej ntawm cov tuaj maus taus nrog ob pebrau pem hauv ntej teeb pom kev zookev kho mob. Hauv kev sim, cov saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg teb tau muab faib ua ob yam kev ua kom pom tau sab nraud lub tsheb. Muaj pov thawj tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov npoo kev nyab xeeb luv luv tau raug txo qis thaum sim kho cov teeb pom kev zoo. Feem ntau, qhov tshwm sim qhia pom txoj kev cog lus, txoj hauv kev zoo los txo qis "lem mus rau sab kev" kev raug mob los ntawm kev txhim kho lub teeb pom kev tom ntej ntawm cov maus taus thaum nruab hnub.

Tsis pub dhau lub siab ncaj ncees simulated qhov teeb meem, Smither thiab Torrez [23] tau soj ntsuam qhov cuam tshuam ntawm poj niam txiv neej, hnub nyoog, DRLs thiab tsheb teeb pom kev zoo ntawm tus neeg lub peev xwm los pom lub cev muaj zog. Qhov kev kawm no ua rau muaj kev ntsuas tau ntawmmaus tausqhov kev txiav txim siab zoo, thiab kev txheeb xyuas ntxiv tau hais tias muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm lub sijhawm cov tshuaj tiv thaiv rau cov maus taus uas muaj DRLs thiab cov uas tsis muaj DRLs. Qhov kev tshawb nrhiav no tau qhia tias DRLs tau ua haujlwm zoo, thiab tseem tau muab cov ntawv pov thawj tiag los txhawb rau qhov kev siv ntawm DRLs maus taus, nws yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm lub maus taus kom pom meej los ntawm ib puag ncig. Los ntawm kev suav cov maus taus nrog DRLs, nws nrawm dua rau kev pom nws piv rau cov uas tsis muaj DRLs.

2. Cuam Tshuam ntawm Maus taus DRL ntawm Qhov Cuam Tshuam lub sijhawmMaus Taus Raug Mob

Raws li kev sojntsuam txog kev muaj tsheb sib tsoo nyob hauv Victoria, Australia, tau tshawb pom tias muaj ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm ntau yam xwm txheej [40]. Nws pom tias kev txhim kho ntawm kev caij tsheb maus taus tuaj yeem txo qis tsheb sib tsoo. Cov ntaub ntawv ntawm maus taus DRL koom nrog ntau lub tsheb sib tsoo thaum xyoo 1976-77 txheeb xyuas [18]. Piv nrog rau qhov ntsuas raug tshwm sim, 50% ntawm qhov sib tsoo raug txo thaum txo lub teeb taub hau, uas qhia tau muaj txiaj ntsig ntawm kev siv lub teeb taub hau. Kev koom tes ntawm kev sib tsoo tau raug txo qis thaum mob taub hau thaum nruab hnub. Txawm li cas los xij, muaj qhov ntsuas me me ntawm qhov tsis txaus ntseeg piv rau lub sijhawm xyoo 1976 txog rau 1981; ua rau poob li ntawm 5% hauvntau lub tshebkev sib tsoo thaum nruab hnub. Xyoo 1981, nws tau kwv yees li tsib lub tsheb sib tsoo muaj kev tiv thaiv nyob hauv Tebchaws Meskas thaum txoj cai siv teeb tsom teeb thaum nruab hnub tseem tsis tau siv. Kwv yees li ntawm 4.2 txog 5.6% kev txo qis hauv kev sib tsoo maus taus thaum tsheb maus taus nruab hnub thaum tseem nres.

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Kev txheeb xyuas cov ntaub ntawv kev tsheb sib txawv los ntawm New South Wales (NSW), Tub Ceev Xwm Australia Tub Ceev Xwm tau ua los ntawm Vaughan et al., [41]. Rau qhov kev sojntsuam, txhua lub tshuab maus taus tau kuaj xyuas ntawm qhov pom lossis tsis pom kev siv headlamps. Ntawm 1104 cov maus taus ntsuas raws li Chi-square test, muaj qhov sib txawv qhov sib txawv ntawm kev siv headlamp thiab 402 lub cev muaj zog tuaj koom nrog cov xwm txheej. Tej zaum nws yog cov neeg uas muaj kev nyab xeeb ntxiv yuav qhib lawv lub teeb tom qab nruab hnub dua li cov uas tsis ua. Ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb ntawm kev xaiv ib pawg, muaj cov neeg caij tsheb uas ib zaug tau koom nrog kev sib tsoo. Qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev txheeb ze uas tau koom nrog kev sib tsoo yog ib puag ncig peb zaug dua thaum lub teeb tseem tsis tau khiav haujlwm. Cov teeb taws ua haujlwm thaum nruab hnub zoo li yog qhov ua tau zoo thiab muaj txiaj ntsig zoo los txo tus nqi sib tsoo los ntawm kev txhim kho txoj kev siv tsheb maus taus nyob rau hauv tsheb.

3. Cuam Tshuam ntawm DRLs Txoj Cai ntawm Kev Raug Txhuam Tsav Tsheb Loj

Allen [42], uas tau tshuaj xyuas kev sib tsoo rau lub tuam txhab tsheb npav, yog thawj tus uas ua qhov kev tshawb fawb los txiav txim siab txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm DRLs. Nws qhov kev tshawb pom pom tau hais tias los ntawm kev siv DRLs qhov kev yuam yuav tsum tau txo los ntawm 40% qhov sib tsoo ntawm ib lab mais hauv qhov nruab hnub thaum muaj huab cua piv rau lub xyoo ua ntej tswj hwm. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev cai lij choj teeb nruab hnub nyob rau qee thaj chaw hauv Tebchaws Meskas tau tshuaj xyuas [43]. Hauv Tebchaws Meskas, thaum xyoo 1975 txog 1983, txoj cai hloov pauv rau lub teeb maus taus lub teeb liab thiab cov ntuag hluav taws txhua lub sijhawm tau tswj hwm hauv 14 lub xeev. Kev siv cov kev cai lij choj tau pib thaum xyoo 1967 thaum muaj kev siv ntau ntawm kev siv maus taus, uas tseem ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntau nrog kev caij tsheb maus taus. Qhov kev yuam cai ntawm txoj cai tseem vim yog nce cov pov thawj ntawm kev siv nruab hnub thaum siv teeb tsa thiab taws ci ci uas yuav ua kom zoo duamaus tauskev koom ua ke yog li txo tus nqi sib tsoo. Zador [43] rau cov xeev nrog cov cai lij choj, tseem pom qhov kev poob qis ntawm qhov sib piv ntawm nruab hnub thaum tsaus ntuj thaum sib tsoo thaum hmo ntuj. Cov kev txheeb xyuas txuas ntxiv tau qhia tias muaj 13% tsawg dua ntawm feem pua cov tsheb sib tsoo thaum nruab hnub rau cov xeev nrog cov cai lij choj tau siv, piv rau cov xeev uas tsis ua. Thoob plaws hauv txoj kev tshawb no, muaj txog 30 lub xeev uas tsis ua raws li cov kev cai ntawm kev tsav tsheb thaum nruab hnub nrig. Yog tias tag nrho cov xeev tau ua txoj cai lij choj, nws tau kwv yees tias muaj 140 dua neeg tuaglub maus tauskev sib tsoo tuaj yeem zam tau.

Kev ntsuam xyuas kev sib tsoo tau ua rau Indian, Montana, Oregon, thiab Wisconsin los tshuaj xyuas qhov ua tau zoo ntawm kev cai ntawm kev siv DRLs maus taus ua ntej thiab tom qab tswj hwm txoj cai [33]. Txawm li cas los xij, Janoff et al., [33] ua tsis tiav tsim cov pob zeb teeb tsa ntawm cov ntaub ntawv thiab tso cai rau cov qauv kev sib txawv txhua xyoo ntawm nruab hnub thiab hmo ntuj lub sijhawm sib tsoo txij li lub sijhawm tshawb fawb (ua ntej thiab tom qab tswj) tsuas yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 6 txog 12 hlis Cov. Raws li kev sib xyaw ua ke, kev sib tsoo nruab hnub yog tsawg dua piv rau kev sib tsoo thaum hmo ntuj hauv Oregon, Wisconsin thiab Indiana. Hauv kev sib piv, tus nqi nruab hnub ntawm kev sib tsoo ntau ntxiv hauv Montana. Yog li ntawd, Janoff li al. xaus lus tias kev tsav tsheb maus taus nce ntxiv nrog kev siv qhov siab thiab qis nqajtaws teeb raws li muaj kev txo qis hauv kev sib tsoo.

Xyoo 1982 Austrian “nyuaj-thaiv” txoj cai tau tshaj tawm tias txo qis kev muaj tsheb sib tsoo thaum nruab hnub [44]. Bijleved [44] qhia txog kev tshawb fawb txog qhov tshwm sim ntawm DRLs los ntawm cov maus taus nyob hauv European Union, uas yog tshwj xeeb hauv kev tsom hauv Austria raws li txoj cai tau tsim kho tshiab thaum xyoo 1982. Hauv kev tshawb fawb nyob hauv North Carolina, Waller thiab Griffin [45] tau tshawb pom. tias tus nqi nruab hnub ntawm tsheb sib nraus thaum nruab hnub raug tsis kam lees tom qab muaj txoj cai tswj hwm lub tsheb maus taus. Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm txoj cai lij choj hauv North Carolina tau soj ntsuam los ntawm kev ntsuas cov ntaub ntawv sib tsoo rau lub sijhawm 6 xyoo txij xyoo 1972 txog 1976. Lub Cuaj Hlis 1, 1973, txoj cai tau raug siv, thaum lub sijhawm cov kev ua maus taus tsawg dua tom qab mus txog nws cov ncov lub sijhawm thaum lub caij ntuj sov. Cov. Qhov feem pua ntawm kev sib tsoo maus taus tau muab sib piv nrog qhov feem pua zoo sib xws rau txhua qhov xwm txheej. Muaj qhov txo qis ntawm cov xwm txheej no tau cuam tshuam nrog cov maus taus tom qab txoj cai tau ua tiav. Ib qho kev txo qis zoo li no tsis tau pom rau txhua qhov kev sib tsoo. Raws li cov kev tshawb pom, nws tau xaus lus tias txoj cai tsav tsheb maus taus tau ua rau muaj kev txo kom zoo nyob rau nruab hnub nrig ntau cov kev sib tsoo.

Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm qhov yuav tsum tau ualub teeb taub hau maus taus siv hauv Singapore txij thaum Lub Kaum Ib Hlis 1995 tau soj ntsuam los ntawm Yuan [46]. Tsis muaj qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj thaum txhua qhov kev sib tsoo tau suav nrog. Txawm li cas los xij, thaum cov kev sib tsoo tau muab faib ua ntau theem ntawm qhov mob hnyav, muaj qhov cuam tshuam tseem ceeb rau kev raug mob hnyav thiab ua rau tuag taus, tab sis tsis yog rau cov pob nyem. Nws tau hais tias qhov kev poob loj heev ntawm kev tuag taus thiab kev sib tsoo loj piv rau kev sib tsoo me me yog vim tias kev siv lub teeb tom qab thaum nruab hnub uas ua rau cov neeg siv txoj kev pom zoo thaum muaj kev sib tsoo tshwm sim, uas ua rau lawv tawg ntev dua thiab txo qhov cuam tshuam nrawm dua [ 46]. Nws tau pom meej tias qhov txo qis hauv kev sib tsoo tuag yog qhov tseeb, vim tias tus nqi tau nqis ntawm txhua xyoo nruab nrab ntawm 40 mus txog 24 nyob tom qab ib xyoos dhau los ntawm txoj cai.

Nruab hnub kev sib tsoo hauv Western Australia tshwj xeeb yog kev caij tsheb maus taus txij xyoo 1989 txog 1994 tau kawm los ntawm Rosman thiab Ryan [47]. Txoj Cai Kev Tsim Kho Australian (ADR 19/01) tau pib txij xyoo 1992, uas txhua lub tsheb kauj vab tshiab yuav tsum tau npaj nrog lub teeb taub hau uas tau tig ncaj qha thaum muaj maus taus siv. Muaj plaub yam sib tsoo ntawm txoj kev sib tsoo uas tau txiav txim siab: taub hau ntawm, sab qhov chaw tig mus rau sab kev ncaj qha, sab xis ncaj qha thiab ncaj qha. Kev txo qis me ntsis tau pom nyob rau nruab hnub thaum muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov tsheb thiab cov tsheb maus taus; txawm li cas los xij, nws tsis yog cov lus tseem ceeb. Qhov no tuaj yeem yog vim cov qauv me me ntawm cov tsheb maus taus tshiab thoob plaws lub sijhawm tshawb nrhiav, thiab nce siab heev ntawm kev siv nruab hnub thaum lub teeb nres yeem ntawm cov neeg tsav tsheb.

Los ntawm kev siv cov ntaub ntawv NSW los ntawm Australian Road Fatality Database txij xyoo 1992 txog 1995, qhov kev tshuaj ntsuam zoo sib xws tau ua los ntawm Attewell [48]. Attewell tsis cais qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov kev sib tsoo thiab lwm tus, tab sis tsuas yog ua kev sib piv ntawm cov naj npawb ntawm kev sib tsoo rau cov tsheb maus taus thiab tsheb sib tsoo uas ua rau raug mob los yog tuag rau cov neeg caij tsheb uas tau npaj ua ntej lossis tom qab kev tshaj tawm txog kev siv Australian Tus Qauv Tsim (ADR 19/01). Ib 2% poob hauv qhov feem ntawm cov tsheb sib tsoo-tsheb sib tsoo rau txhua qhov sib tsoo ntawm qhov sib txawv sib txawv qhia tias ADR muaj ntau yam cuam tshuam. Qhov kev cuam tshuam tau ntau dua rau cov kev phom sij tuag taus; txawm li cas los xij, qhov no tsuas yog nrog kev saib tsis tau 16 qhov kev sib tsoo tuag nrog rau post ADR lub tshuab koom nrog. Tau ntau xyoo dhau los uas ntau lub xeev hauv Asmeskas tau siv txoj cai lij choj rau cov maus taus siv taws teeb thaum nruab hnub. California tau siv txoj cai lij choj uas tseev kom txhua lub tsheb maus taus kom ntseeg tau taws teeb uas tig mus los tau ib zaug thaum lub cav tau cig txij li xyoo 1972. Tsuas yog xyoo 1978 qhov kev cai lij choj siv tau ua haujlwm. Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev loj hlob ntawm kev siv teeb tsa ua ntej thiab tom qab ua tiav kev cai lij choj ntawm California tau kawm [49]. Qhov tsis txaus ntseeg piv rau cov neeg tuag taus raug txiav txim siab nyob rau txhua lub xyoo txij xyoo 1976 txog rau 1981. Txawm li cas los xij, tsis muaj ib qho qauv tseem ceeb pom, uas Muller [49] hauv lwm qhov kev soj ntsuam tau soj ntsuam txog txoj cai lij choj ntawm tsheb maus taus DRL hauv California tau cog lus tseg hauv kev txo qis thaum nruab hnub thaum muaj tsheb sib tsoo. Cov txiaj ntsig pom pom muaj tsawg dua ntawm cov tsheb sib tsoo ntau. Cov teeb ntawm txhua lub tsheb thiab maus taus yuav tsum tau tig rau thaum nruab hnub nyob hauv Finland thiab Sweden. Rumar [50] ua qhov kev soj ntsuam kev tshawb fawb ntawm DRL hauv Sweden. Qhov nws tshawb pom tau qhia tias siv lub teeb muaj tsawg thaum nruab hnub yuav ua kom tsawg dua cov xwm txheej. Muaj qhov kev poob ntau hauv lub tsheb sib tsoo thaum nruab hnub los ntawm 32% thiab 4% thaum hmo ntuj. Txoj kev kawm no tau cuam tshuam cov kev cai hloov pauv hauv Sweden thiab ntau lub tebchaws.

Raws li ob txoj kev tshawb fawb hauv Malaysia los tshawb xyuas qhov cuam tshuam luv luv ntawm kev caij tsheb maus taus DRLs, Radin Umar li al., [51] tau pom qhov kev poob ntau heev nyob rau hauv ntau qhov kev sib tsoo maus taus. Ntxiv mus, nyob rau tib qhov chaw sim pom tias muaj feem cuam tshuam txog kev raug mob ntawm cov maus taus raug txheeb xyuas [51]. Radin tus qauv qhia tau hais tias cov maus taus DRL tswj tau txo qis kev sib tsoo maus taus los ntawm kwv yees li 29%.

Qauv rau koj siv:

https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-tsis-dab-ceev/lte2125-motorcycle-ntaj-nplooj.html

https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-tsis-dab-ceev/led-re--warning-light-of-motorcycle-with-a.html

video rau koj siv ：

https://www.senkencorp.com/police-motorcycle-tsis-yuav-/sheb/motorcycle-qab-light-lte2115.html

Kev Sib Tham

Maus taus tsheb Nws muaj xwm txheej. Vim tias tsis muaj kev tiv thaiv, tsheb sib tsoo ua rau raug mob hnyav ib zaug thaum muaj kev sib tsoo. Ib qho ntxiv, vim coob tus neeg raug tsim txom yog cov neeg hluas, cov kev sib tsoo no ib txwm ua rau muaj kev tuag siab thiab kev siv nyiaj siab rau cov neeg raug mob hnyav. Qhov no yog vim li cas qhov kev poob qis hauv me me yuav ua rau muaj qhov zoo rau cov neeg raug tsim txom thiab muaj kev noj qab haus huv rau zej zog.

Txoj kev pheej hmoo siab ntawm kev caij maus taus ntau txoj kev sib tsoo yeej ib txwm cuam tshuam nrog kev poob qis ntawm kev tsav tsheb maus taus. Yog li, nws muaj qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws los txuas lus txog qhov teebmeem cuam tshuam rau lub zej zog cov neeg caij tsheb mentsis kom yaum cov neeg tsav tsheb kom ceev faj txog cov tsheb maus taus. Hloov ntawm lub teeb maus taus yuav lav tias nws yuav txawv ntawm tus keeb kwm yav dhau los, txawm hais tias lub teeb nyob qis qis. Qhov no yuav ua kom muaj kev pheej hmoo tias muaj nyob ntawm seb cov khoom siv pom tau zoo li cas, thiab yuav txhawb nqa kom ua haujlwm pabcuam kom muaj lub sijhawm ua haujlwm tau zoo. Raws li kev xav, DRL yog hom qauv los them rau ob qho kev cia siab qis thiab lub hom phiaj qis. DRLs yuav xyaum xa cov kev sib txawv uas lawv pom tiv thaiv tom qab.

Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no nthuav tawm tias DRL cov maus taus muaj txiaj ntsig zoo hauv kev txo cov tsheb sib tsoo. Txawm li cas los xij, kev tawm tsam kom siv cov maus taus DRL hauv ob qho kev tsim thiab tsim lub teb chaws tseem muaj txawm tias lawv cov pov thawj ua tau zoo. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no tseem qhia tau hais tias DRL lub cev muaj zog tsis yog tsuas yog nce kev siv tsheb maus taus, tab sis kuj tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo rau lwm tus neeg tsav tsheb lub sijhawm teb. Yog li, hauv Austria, Lub Tebchaws Yelemees, Belgium, Fabkis, Portugal thiab ntau lub tebchaws, nws yog qhov yuav tsum hloov ntawm lub teeb maus taus thaum nruab hnub. Vim tias muaj qhov cuam tshuam zoo rau kev nce siab ntxiv los ntawm lwm cov neeg siv hauv kev, DRL tau ua rau cov tsav tsheb zoo ib yam nkaus hauv qee lub tebchaws. Qhov kev tshuaj xyuas no yog sau ua ke ntawm cov pov thawj tam sim no uas maus taus DRL tuaj yeem tiv thaiv kev tsheb sib tsoo. Kev ntsuas kev ntseeg tau hais txog kev ua tau zoo ntawm kev tsav tsheb DRL yuav pab tshawb fawb txog kev nyab xeeb hauv kev, tshwj xeeb ntawm tus nqi tsim nyog yuav ua rau DRL cov cai thiab tub ceev xwm nyob hauv cov teb chaws uas tus nqi kev tsheb maus taus tuag siab. Daim ntawv no xaus lus tias maus taus DRL tswj tau txo qis kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib tsoo li 4 txog 20%. Txoj kev tshuaj xyuas tseem txhawb nqa cov kev xav hais tias cov maus taus DRLs yuav tsum tau txhawb nqa thoob ntiaj teb txhawm rau txhim kho kev nyab xeeb ntawm lawv cov powers cov neeg caij tsheb.

Teeb meem tsis txaus siab: Tsis muaj tshaj tawm.

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